What is an Operating System (OS)?
An Operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, providing services for computer programs. It acts as an interface between the user and the hardware.
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Functions of an Operating System
1. Process Management – Manages running applications (tasks) and system processes.
2. Memory Management – Allocates and manages RAM for efficient performance.
3. File System Management – Organizes, stores, and retrieves files.
4. Device Management – Controls hardware components like printers, keyboards, and storage devices.
5. Security & Access Control – Protects against unauthorized access (user authentication, firewalls, encryption).
6. User Interface (UI) – Provides an interface for users (GUI or command-line).
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Types of Operating Systems
1. Single-User vs. Multi-User OS
Single-User OS – Used by one person at a time (e.g., Windows, macOS).
Multi-User OS – Supports multiple users simultaneously (e.g., Linux, Unix, Windows Server).
2. Multi-Tasking OS
Runs multiple applications at the same time (e.g., Windows, macOS, Linux).
3. Real-Time OS (RTOS)
Used in critical systems like medical devices, industrial automation, and aerospace (e.g., VxWorks, QNX).
4. Mobile OS
Designed for smartphones and tablets (e.g., Android, iOS).
5. Network OS
Manages network resources and servers (e.g., Windows Server, Linux Server).
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