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The sky appears blue because of a phenomenon called Rayleigh scattering. Here's how it works:
1. Sunlight and Its Composition: Sunlight, or white light, is made up of all the colors of the visible spectrum (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet).
2. Interaction with Earth's Atmosphere: As sunlight passes through Earth's atmosphere, it interacts with air molecules, dust, and water vapor. These particles scatter the light.
3. Why Blue Dominates: The shorter wavelengths of light (blue and violet) scatter more easily than longer wavelengths (red and orange). This is because shorter wavelengths are closer in size to the molecules in the atmosphere, making them more susceptible to scattering.
4. Perception of Blue: Even though violet light scatters more than blue, our eyes are less sensitive to violet light and the upper atmosphere absorbs much of it. As a result, we predominantly see blue.
5. Changes in Color: At sunrise and sunset, the sky often appears red or orange because the sunlight passes through more atmosphere. This scatters shorter wavelengths (blue and violet) even more, leaving the longer wavelengths (red and orange) to dominate.
In summary, the sky looks blue because Earth's atmosphere scatters shorter wavelengths of light more effectively, and our eyes are most sensitive to blue light in that range.
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