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Skepticism is an approach to questioning and critically evaluating claims, beliefs, or assertions to determine their validity, truth, or reliability. It emphasizes inquiry, doubt, and evidence-based reasoning before accepting any statement as true. Skepticism encourages intellectual humility and the willingness to revise beliefs when presented with new evidence.
There are two main contexts in which skepticism is commonly discussed:
1. Philosophical Skepticism:
In philosophy, skepticism refers to the idea that we should question the certainty or extent of human knowledge. Philosophical skeptics challenge the assumptions we take for granted and explore the limits of what can be known.
For example, René Descartes famously doubted everything he could possibly question until he arrived at the foundational truth: "I think, therefore I am."
2. Scientific Skepticism:
This involves critically evaluating scientific claims based on empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and reproducibility. Scientific skeptics do not accept ideas without sufficient proof and are open to revising their views if new data emerge.
For instance, scientific skepticism is applied when examining claims about pseudoscience, such as astrology or homeopathy, requiring rigorous evidence before acceptance.
In general, skepticism is not about rejecting everything outright but about maintaining a balanced stance of doubt and inquiry to seek the most reliable conclusions.
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