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Programming languages are formal languages used to communicate instructions to a computer. They can be categorized into various types based on their purpose, level of abstraction, and programming paradigm.
Types of Programming Languages
1. Low-Level Languages
- Machine Language (Binary Code): Directly understood by the CPU.
- Assembly Language: Uses mnemonics for instructions and requires an assembler to convert to machine code.
2. High-Level Languages. More abstract and human-readable, requiring a compiler or interpreter to convert into machine code. Examples include:
- Procedural Languages: C, Pascal, Fortran
- Object-Oriented Languages: Java, Python, C++
- Functional Languages: Haskell, Lisp, Scala
- Scripting Languages: JavaScript, Python, PHP
3. Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) Designed for specific tasks, such as:
- SQL (database queries)
- HTML & CSS (web development)
- MATLAB (scientific computing)
4. Modern and Emerging Languages
- Rust (memory safety, systems programming)
- Go (concurrent programming)
- Kotlin (modern Android development)
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